Which of the following are the two forms of indictment?

The two forms of indictment are indeed formal and de novo. A formal indictment is the traditional method used in most jurisdictions, where a grand jury reviews evidence presented by a prosecutor to determine whether there is enough evidence to formally charge a defendant with a crime. This process involves a detailed examination of the evidence and is often a public proceeding.

De novo, meaning "new" in Latin, refers to a type of re-examination or a fresh look at the case, generally applied in particular legal situations like appeals or when a case is retried. Although the term 'de novo' is most commonly associated with certain legal proceedings rather than directly indicating a specific type of indictment, it reflects an important aspect of how legal processes can be reassessed, leading to further indictments or modifications.

In contrast, the other suggested options do not accurately classify forms of indictment. Summary often refers to a brief statement or a summary process that does not align with the more formalized structure of legal charges. Written and oral might describe how an indictment is presented but do not define its nature as legal proceedings. Public and secret indicate the level of accessibility and transparency regarding the indictment process, but they do not denote distinct forms of indictment.

Understanding the complexities of legal terms and their classifications